黑果枸杞LrDREB1基因克隆及其在非生物胁迫下的表达分析

DREB(Dehydrate responsive element binding factor)转录因子是植物非生物逆境适应中的关键调节因子,该类转录因子具有保守的AP2/EREBP结构域,在低温、高盐等非生物逆境胁迫下,可调控下游逆境应答基因的表达,对增强植物的抗逆能力有重要作用。黑果枸杞具有极强的耐干旱、盐碱能力,为研究黑果枸杞DREB类基因在低温、盐碱响应中的功能,本研究以强抗盐灌木黑果枸杞总RNA为模板,基于前期转录组测序拼接序列,利用RT-PCR方法克隆得到一条DREB基因。该基因含有一个1116 bp的开放阅读框,编码372个氨基酸。系统进化树分析显示,Lr DREB1基因属于DREB亚家族A2组成员,与拟南芥AtDREB2B、AtDREB2E具有较高的相似性。荧光定量PCR结果显示,Lr DREB1受盐胁迫、ABA胁迫和低温胁迫诱导表达,可能参与依赖ABA的信号转导途径,调节黑果枸杞抗盐响应。本研究通过对黑果枸杞LrDREB1基因的克隆、序列分析和表达分析,为研究Lr DREB1的功能及黑果枸杞抗盐机理提供了帮助。     

不同作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)作为麦田恶性杂草之一,给中国小麦生产带来了严重的经济损失。为探究农作物秸秆在节节麦生态防治方面的作用,本试验采用了滤纸培养皿法和小杯法研究了不同浓度的玉米、油菜、水稻秸秆及稻壳腐解液对节节麦种子萌发率、发芽指数及幼苗根长、苗高和干重5项生物指标的影响。结果表明,当浓度为6.25 mg/mL时,玉米、油菜秸秆腐解液对节节麦幼苗干重表现为促进作用,对其他测定指标均为抑制作用。稻壳腐解液除了对根长具有抑制作用外,对其他指标均具有促进作用。水稻秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有促进作用。当浓度大于50 mg/mL时,4种秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。总体来说,作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦的化感作用强弱依次为玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆、稻壳、水稻秸秆,且对根的化感作用尤为明显。     

基于声振信号对称极坐标图像的苹果霉心病早期检测

为实现苹果早期霉心病较高精度的检测，该研究采用对称极坐标法（Symmetrized Dot Pattern，SDP）将苹果声振信号变换为雪花图，然后采用AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50卷积神经网络以迁移学习方式深度挖掘SDP雪花图像的特征信息，将其输入到支持向量机（Support Vector Machine，SVM）分类器，对霉心程度≤7%的苹果进行检测。研究结果表明，当时间间隔系数为25和角度放大因子为50°时，健康果与早期霉心果声振信号的SDP图形状特征差异最大，在此条件下获取的SDP图经卷积神经网络AlexNet、VGG16和ResNet50提取特征并构建了不同核函数的SVM霉心果检测模型，在各类SVM模型中，ResNet50-SVM-gaus（高斯基）模型用相对较少的训练时间和参数量可取得训练集霉心果较高分类准确率，经超参数优化训练该模型对健康果和早期霉心果测试集不平衡样本（10∶1）的总体分类准确率达到96.97%，平均查准率、平均查全率、平均加权调和均值、Kappa系数和马修斯相关系数值分别为80.19%、90.36%、86.21%，82.54%和82.68%，该模型不仅对多数类的健康果保持较高分类准确率，而且对少数类的早期霉心果也具有较高判别能力。这些研究结果为声振法应用于果蔬内部病害的早期在线检测系统研发提供了技术支撑。     

夏季养猪企业关切的繁殖问题调查

当前养猪业进入困难时期，企业运营成本高企。炎热的夏季，种猪繁殖问题较为突出，再加上非洲猪瘟直接或者间接的原因，行业内母猪整体繁殖水平低下。团队近期对53家不同区域、不同规模、不同生产模式的养猪企业进行了调研，发现公猪问题、后备猪问题和哺乳期管理是当前猪场最为关心的3个问题。     

2015―2020年国家西北内陆棉区棉花品种区域试验参试品种（系）枯黄萎病抗性评述

对2015－2020年参加西北内陆棉区区域试验的192个棉花品种（系）枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性分析，为棉花抗病育种及品种推广提供依据。结果表明，参试棉花品种（系）未出现对枯萎病和黄萎病免疫的品种；参试棉花品种（系）对枯萎病的抗性水平较高，除2018年高抗和抗病品种（系）占比为 88.2%外，其他年份均在92%以上；参试的品种（系）的黄萎病抗性水平除2017年较高外，其余各年均较低，以耐病为主，6年耐病品种（系）平均占比为56.2%；参试品种的总体抗枯萎病指数（r_F）远大于总体抗黄萎病指数（r_V）和总体兼抗指数（r_FV）,各年份均表现为r_F＞r_V＞r_FV，且三者均呈振荡上升趋势；早中熟常规棉的抗枯萎病、黄萎病性及兼抗性表现均优于早熟常规棉_。可见，黄萎病抗性的提高是西北内陆棉区选育兼抗棉花品种的关键。     

河北省杂粮生产现状及生产布局展望

河北省是杂粮生产大省,且种类繁多。为稳定河北省杂粮生产发展,进一步调整河北省种植业结构提供参考依据,本文总结了河北省杂粮的历史生产现状,包括面积、单产、总产以及河北省各地市杂粮的分布,试图探索杂粮的生产布局与趋势,同时针对河北省杂粮历史单产水平变化趋势,分析了造成单产变化的成因,并简单提出建议。最后提出河北省杂粮生产布局的展望,将河北省杂粮生产区域布局划分为优势主产区、战略提升区、稳步发展区三个功能区。     

Improvement,identification, and target prediction for miRNAs in the porcine genome by using massive,public high-throughput sequencing data

Despite the broad variety of available microRNA (miRNA) research tools and methods, their application to the identification, annotation, and target prediction of miRNAs in nonmodel organisms is still limited. In this study, we collected nearly all public sRNA-seq data to improve the annotation for known miRNAs and identify novel miRNAs that have not been annotated in pigs (Sus scrofa). We newly annotated 210 mature sequences in known miRNAs and found that 43 of the known miRNA precursors were problematic due to redundant/missing annotations or incorrect sequences. We also predicted 811 novel miRNAs with high confidence, which was twice the current number of known miRNAs for pigs in miRBase. In addition, we proposed a correlation-based strategy to predict target genes for miRNAs by using a large amount of sRNA-seq and RNA-seq data. We found that the correlation-based strategy provided additional evidence of expression compared with traditional target prediction methods. The correlation-based strategy also identified the regulatory pairs that were controlled by nonbinding sites with a particular pattern, which provided abundant complementarity for studying the mechanism of miRNAs that regulate gene expression. In summary, our study improved the annotation of known miRNAs, identified a large number of novel miRNAs, and predicted target genes for all pig miRNAs by using massive public data. This large data-based strategy is also applicable for other nonmodel organisms with incomplete annotation information.     

紫花槭秋季叶色表达转录组初步分析

为了丰富紫花槭转录组数据,进一步开展紫花槭秋季叶片呈色机制研究.本研究以紫花槭秋季转色期三个阶段(前期,中期,后期)叶片为材料,采用高通量测序技术进行转录组初步分析.转录组数据共获得50501条Unigene,有35316条Unigene在数据库中得到注释,其中NR数据库中注释到的Unigene数量最多,共35024条,占69.4％.在注释到的物种中,紫花槭比对的Unigene与甜橙(Citrus sinensis)相似度最高,共有4290条,占12.25％.紫花槭转录组中的Unigene根据GO功能可分为生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类,共有25375条,其中生物学过程的基因最多,主要聚集于代谢过程和细胞过程等.基于Unigene库的基因结构分析,其中SSR分析共获得12711个SSR标记,占Unigene总数的36％.SSR位点共包含150种重复基元,单碱基重复所占比例最高(7184个,61.86％),四碱基重复、五碱基重复和六碱基重复所占比例较低.Unigene库中共有328239个SNP位点,发生频率为1/190 bp,SNP位点分为转换和颠换两种类型的碱基替换方式,其中碱基转换位点213787个(65.13％),碱基颠换位点114452个(34.87％),碱基转换类型发生频率高于颠换类型.6种单碱基变异中,2种转换类型A/G、C/T的发生频率分别为33.03％和32.10％;4种颠换类型中A/T发生频率最高,为11.52％;C/G发生频率最低,为5.79％.紫花槭转录组秋季叶色表达的转录组分析,可为紫花槭叶色基因调控、定向分子育种和培育彩叶新品种提供研究提供基础的数据信息.     

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Depolymerized Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria fuscopunctata,a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate,in Rats by Bioanalytical Methods

dHG-5 (Mw 5.3 kD) is a depolymerized glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. As a selective inhibitor of intrinsic Xase (iXase), preclinical study showed it was a promising anticoagulant candidate without obvious bleeding risk. In this work, two bioanalytical methods based on the anti-iXase and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation activities were established and validated to determine dHG-5 concentrations in plasma and urine samples. After single subcutaneous administration of dHG-5 at 5, 9, and 16.2 mg/kg to rats, the time to peak concentration (T_max) was at about 1 h, and the peak concentration (C_max) was 2.70, 6.50, and 10.11 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life(T_1/2β) was also about 1 h and dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after s.c. administration. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics of dHG-5 was positively correlated with its pharmacokinetics, as determined by rat plasma APTT and anti-iXase method, respectively. dHG-5 was mainly excreted by urine as the unchanged parent drug and about 60% was excreted within 48 h. The results suggested that dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection and the pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 are predictable. Studying pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 could provide valuable information for future clinical studies.     

接种根瘤菌对南疆春大豆结瘤和生长的影响

为筛选南疆结瘤能力强且对春大豆生长发育、产量有积极影响的大豆根瘤菌菌株,探讨大豆品种和根瘤菌的匹配性,以前期分离、鉴定、纯化的3株根瘤菌菌株为材料,对南疆地区3个春大豆品种进行了田间接种试验,测定大豆根瘤数、根瘤干重、大豆地上部干物质积累分配、产量及其构成因素的变化.结果表明:接种不同根瘤菌均能促进南疆不同春大豆品种根系结瘤,促进结瘤效果存在差异,黑农61接种T6能显著增加中后期根瘤数、根瘤干重,新大豆8号和石大豆2号接种T6和SN7-2能显著增加结瘤数和根瘤干重,SN7-2在春大豆生育前期、T6在生育后期作用明显;黑农61接种SMH12,新大豆8号和石大豆2号接种T6和SN7-2能显著促进干物质积累;新大豆8号接种SN7-2、石大豆2号接种T6、黑农61接种SMH12能促进干物质向生殖器官分配.接种根瘤菌能通过增加主茎节数、单株荚数和百粒重提高春大豆产量,新大豆8号与SN7-2、石大豆2号与SN7-2、黑农61与SMH12匹配性最好.